Zheng Peng's Wiki - User contributions [en]

Aqua-Sim NG

2021-05-20T14:23:38Z

2020-03-27T14:55:46Z

Zhengpeng:

Aqua-Sim Next Generation (NG) is an NS-3 based underwater sensor network simulator.

==Overview==

Through the use of network simulators we are able to test and examine diﬀerent combinations of protocols in low cost and controlled environments. This is especially important for Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) due to their expensive and complex deployment and upkeep costs for real-system testing. Due to the unique research challenges seen in UWSNs, this requires a standard simulation platform to support testing of diﬀerent designs, algorithms and protocols. Furthermore, we must ensure that this tool oﬀers a broad range of specialized features to allow for easier and expandable testing.

We have previously developed a simulator, called [[Aqua-Sim]], for underwater sensor networks, based on NS-2. NS-2 is a popular network simulator developed in 2000. Like any simulator, over the years, NS-2 has shown its age and was superseded by NS-3 in 2008. To address various limitations introduced by NS-2, in this project, we propose Aqua-Sim Next Generation (NG), a UWSN simulator based on NS-3. The goal of this core simulator changeover is to improve memory management, through the use of smart pointers, have stronger packet header handling, and overall performance improvements. Consequently, this transition allows us to restructure the architecture of Aqua-Sim and better modularize the simulator’s protocol layers. Due to the vast diﬀerences between NS-2 and NS-3, this change also requires rewriting Aqua-Sim's core and protocol code to meet new API standards.

Due to the harsh conditions of UWSNs it is crucial to simulate components of real-world systems to ensure strong testing results. To accomplish this task we have implemented four main areas of improvements in Aqua-Sim NG:

#We frst oﬀer enhanced channel support which consists of specialized noise generators, multiple channel support, range-based propagation, and trace driven testing. These features allow for localized packet interference as well as varying acoustic propagation ranging between modems.
#Next we expand physical model support through the implementation of a signal cache, signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) checker and modulation support. This allows for packet decoding at the modem’s physical layer dependent on the current underwater channel’s condition.
#Following this, we oﬀer higher protocol layer support which includes synchronization and localization modules, busy terminal model support, and security features. Due to the restricted attenuation of radio frequency in UWSNs, synchronization and localization modules must be included to assist testing of various protocols. Furthermore, due to the high mobility and transmission delays in underwater it is important to be capable of testing specialized security techniques.
#And the final area of improvement being the integration of adapted Information-Centric Networking (ICN) techniques for UWSNs. Due to the innovative approach of ICN architectures, it is highly promising to implement various components and features for future testing. ICN’s innovative approach opens up new avenues of research in UWSNs, making it a crucial step in expanding underwater simulation.

==Aqua-Sim NG Architecture==

Due to the vast diﬀerences between NS-2 and NS-3 API, Aqua-Sim must be completely revamped to meet these new standards. In some cases this consists of rewriting new functions and complete classes to adhere to NS-3 standards. Since Aqua-Sim has been a collaborative eﬀort among many developers over the past years, this transition also allowed for code clean up and restructuring.

Aqua-Sim NG's new architecture is centralized around each net device, while also allowing for interaction with the channel layer. Therefore, we can individually use unique modules in parallel, such as introducing synchronization support alongside MAC layer protocols through diversifying how our simulated packets are handled. Additionally, we incorporate strongly correlated class inheritance for more influential and meaningful function use.

[[File:AsDiagram_resize.png|center|1080px]]

==New Features and Modules==

*Synchronization and localization support
*Busy/hidden terminal model integration
*Varying noise generators
*Enhanced channel support (ie multi-channel integration)
*Transmission range uncertainty
*Trace driven support for channel conditions
*Security module for easier attacker imitation
*ICN module including adapted Named Data Network components, specialized protocols, and helper scripts

==Preliminary Results==

Simulation results match up quite well to past testing of Aqua-Sim validity. Aqua-Sim NG also shows large performance improves using various simulator protocols. Additionally, Aqua-Sim NG has shown extensive code adjustments since its starting point in 2015.

[[File:Asng_Throughput_p1.png|720px|Throughput with fixed input traffic per node.]] [[File:Asng_Throughput_p2.png|720px|Throughput with fixed total traffic input.]]

Throughput with fixed input traffic per node (left) and throughput with fixed total traffic input (right).

[[File:Asng_HeapProfile.png|720px|alt=HeapProfile|Heap profiling using various protocols.]] [[File:Asng_Github_Contributions.png|720px]]

Heap profiling using various protocols (left) and Aqua-Sim NG's GitHub repository contributions (right).

==Aqua-Sim NG Download==

The initial version of Aqua-Sim NG can be found [https://github.com/rmartin5/aqua-sim-ng HERE]

The latest version of Aqua-Sim NG that is compatible with NS-3 V3.29 can be found [http://hudson.ccny.cuny.edu/download/aquasim-ng.tgz HERE]

==Aqua-Sim NG Installation Guide==

A installation guide can be found HERE.

==People==

*[http://www-cs.ccny.cuny.edu/~zheng/ Zheng Peng ], Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, City College, City University of New York
*Dmitrii Dugaev, PhD Student, Graduate Center, City University of New York
*Robert Martin, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut.

==Publications==

*Aqua-Sim Next Generation: An NS-3 Based Underwater Sensor Network Simulator, Robert Martin, Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, and Zheng Peng, in Proc. of ACM WUWNet, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2017.

Aqua-Sim NG

2019-10-13T21:53:53Z

Zhengpeng: /* Aqua-Sim Download */

Aqua-Sim Next Generation (NG) is an NS-3 based underwater sensor network simulator.

==Overview==

Through the use of network simulators we are able to test and examine diﬀerent combinations of protocols in low cost and controlled environments. This is especially important for Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) due to their expensive and complex deployment and upkeep costs for real-system testing. Due to the unique research challenges seen in UWSNs, this requires a standard simulation platform to support testing of diﬀerent designs, algorithms and protocols. Furthermore, we must ensure that this tool oﬀers a broad range of specialized features to allow for easier and expandable testing.

We have previously developed a simulator, called [[Aqua-Sim]], for underwater sensor networks, based on NS-2. NS-2 is a popular network simulator developed in 2000. Like any simulator, over the years, NS-2 has shown its age and was superseded by NS-3 in 2008. To address various limitations introduced by NS-2, in this project, we propose Aqua-Sim Next Generation (NG), a UWSN simulator based on NS-3. The goal of this core simulator changeover is to improve memory management, through the use of smart pointers, have stronger packet header handling, and overall performance improvements. Consequently, this transition allows us to restructure the architecture of Aqua-Sim and better modularize the simulator’s protocol layers. Due to the vast diﬀerences between NS-2 and NS-3, this change also requires rewriting Aqua-Sim's core and protocol code to meet new API standards.

Due to the harsh conditions of UWSNs it is crucial to simulate components of real-world systems to ensure strong testing results. To accomplish this task we have implemented four main areas of improvements in Aqua-Sim NG:

#We frst oﬀer enhanced channel support which consists of specialized noise generators, multiple channel support, range-based propagation, and trace driven testing. These features allow for localized packet interference as well as varying acoustic propagation ranging between modems.
#Next we expand physical model support through the implementation of a signal cache, signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) checker and modulation support. This allows for packet decoding at the modem’s physical layer dependent on the current underwater channel’s condition.
#Following this, we oﬀer higher protocol layer support which includes synchronization and localization modules, busy terminal model support, and security features. Due to the restricted attenuation of radio frequency in UWSNs, synchronization and localization modules must be included to assist testing of various protocols. Furthermore, due to the high mobility and transmission delays in underwater it is important to be capable of testing specialized security techniques.
#And the final area of improvement being the integration of adapted Information-Centric Networking (ICN) techniques for UWSNs. Due to the innovative approach of ICN architectures, it is highly promising to implement various components and features for future testing. ICN’s innovative approach opens up new avenues of research in UWSNs, making it a crucial step in expanding underwater simulation.

==Aqua-Sim NG Architecture==

Due to the vast diﬀerences between NS-2 and NS-3 API, Aqua-Sim must be completely revamped to meet these new standards. In some cases this consists of rewriting new functions and complete classes to adhere to NS-3 standards. Since Aqua-Sim has been a collaborative eﬀort among many developers over the past years, this transition also allowed for code clean up and restructuring.

Aqua-Sim NG's new architecture is centralized around each net device, while also allowing for interaction with the channel layer. Therefore, we can individually use unique modules in parallel, such as introducing synchronization support alongside MAC layer protocols through diversifying how our simulated packets are handled. Additionally, we incorporate strongly correlated class inheritance for more influential and meaningful function use.

[[File:AsDiagram_resize.png|center|1080px]]

==New Features and Modules==

*Synchronization and localization support
*Busy/hidden terminal model integration
*Varying noise generators
*Enhanced channel support (ie multi-channel integration)
*Transmission range uncertainty
*Trace driven support for channel conditions
*Security module for easier attacker imitation
*ICN module including adapted Named Data Network components, specialized protocols, and helper scripts

==Preliminary Results==

Simulation results match up quite well to past testing of Aqua-Sim validity. Aqua-Sim NG also shows large performance improves using various simulator protocols. Additionally, Aqua-Sim NG has shown extensive code adjustments since its starting point in 2015.

[[File:Asng_Throughput_p1.png|720px|Throughput with fixed input traffic per node.]] [[File:Asng_Throughput_p2.png|720px|Throughput with fixed total traffic input.]]

Throughput with fixed input traffic per node (left) and throughput with fixed total traffic input (right).

[[File:Asng_HeapProfile.png|720px|alt=HeapProfile|Heap profiling using various protocols.]] [[File:Asng_Github_Contributions.png|720px]]

Heap profiling using various protocols (left) and Aqua-Sim NG's GitHub repository contributions (right).

==Aqua-Sim Download==

The first version of Aqua-Sim NG can be found [https://github.com/rmartin5/aqua-sim-ng HERE]

The latest version of Aqua-Sim NG that is compatible with NS-3 V3.29 can be found [http://hudson.ccny.cuny.edu/download/aquasim-ng.tgz HERE]

==People==

*[http://www-cs.ccny.cuny.edu/~zheng/ Zheng Peng ], Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, City College, City University of New York
*Robert Martin, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut.

==Publications==

*Aqua-Sim Next Generation: An NS-3 Based Underwater Sensor Network Simulator, Robert Martin, Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, and Zheng Peng, in Proc. of ACM WUWNet, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2017.

Aqua-Sim NG

2017-11-05T17:42:57Z

Zhengpeng: /* Overview */

Main Page

2017-11-05T17:42:10Z

2017-09-29T20:05:27Z

Zhengpeng:

[[Aqua-Net]]

[[Aqua-Sim]]

[[Aqua-3D]]

[[Aqua-Lab]]

[[Aqua-OS]]

[[Aqua-fModem]]

Aqua-fModem

2017-09-29T20:05:06Z

Zhengpeng: /* Publications */

==Overview==
The success of multicarrier modulation in the form of orthogonal-frequency-division-modulation (OFDM) in radio channels illuminates a clear path one could take towards high-rate underwater acoustic communications.

Our research aims to make OFDM work in challenging underwater enviroments and build a practical multicarrier modem prototype.

Aqua-fModem, as shown in the following two figures, is our OFDM modem prototype, implemented on a TMS320C6713 DSP board. It uses QPSK modulation, rate-1/2 channel coding (both convolutional and nonbinary low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes). With a bandwidth 5.5 kHz, the achieved spectral efficiency is 0.56 bits/s/Hz, and the data rate is 3.1 kb/s.

It has the following features:
*Real time decoding is achieved. In a system with one transmitter and one receiver, only 40 ms (with convolutional coding) or 50 ms (with nonbinary LDPC coding) is needed to decode an OFDM block of duration 210 ms.
*Easy to interface with networking protocols. (following the NEMA standard).

Aqua-Modem has been demonstrated in the WUWNet workshop, Berkeley, CA, Nov. 2, 2009.

[[Image:aqua-fmodem6.jpg|center|300*300px]]

[[Image:aqua-fmodem7.jpg|center|300*300px]]

==Prototype==
We have been engaged in acoustic modem prototype development.

*The PC-based and DSP-based modem prototypes were demonstrated at WUWNet, Montreal, Sept. 2007, as shown in the below two figures.

[[Image:aqua-fmodem1.jpg|center|330*330px]]

[[Image:aqua-fmodem2.jpg|center|330*330px]]

*The PC-based and DSP-based (2 × 2) MIMO-OFDM Acoustic Modem Prototypes are shown in the below two figures. The MIMO-OFDM modem prototypes were demonstrated at WUWNet, San Francisco, CA, Sept. 2008 and won the first-prize in demo category, as voted by workshop participants. With two parallel data streams transmitted, the data rate is 6.2 kb/s, with the other parameters the same as preivous modems.
.
[[Image:aqua-fmodem4.jpg|center|330*330px]]

[[Image:aqua-fmodem5.jpg|center|330*330px]]

==Publications==
*[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.386.7552&rep=rep1&type=pdf DSP Implementation of SISO and MIMO OFDM Acoustic Modems], H. Yan, S. Zhou, Z. Shi, J.-H. Cui, L. Wan, J. Huang, and H. Zhou, Proc. of OCEANS, Sydney, May 2010.
*[http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~zshi/publications/yan07dsp.pdf A DSP Implementation of OFDM Acoustic Modem], H. Yan, S. Zhou, Z. Shi, and B. Li, WUWNet, Montréal, Québec, Canada, September 14, 2007.

==Sponsor==
*Office of Naval Research
*National Science Foundation

Aqua-fModem

2017-09-29T20:02:35Z

Aqua-OS

2017-09-29T19:53:08Z

Zhengpeng: /* Feb 17, 2010 */

==Overview==

Aqua-OS is an operating system specifically designed for underwater embedded systems. This is an on-going project of [http://uwsn.engr.uconn.edu/ UWSN Lab]. The design goal of Aqua-OS is to provide a robust, efficient and extendable operating system for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs).

===Motivation===

Recently underwater systems have become more complicated and diverse. With the increasing
complexity, the interaction between the system control logic and physical devices becomes more complicated.
In such a complex and usually resource constrained system, it is imperative to introduce an
operating system to efficiently manage hardware and provide friendly user interface for applications. This
is how TinyOS, embedded Linux and many other operating systems come into play.

Though most of these operating systems claim configurability, they are often designed for a certain
type of applications and based on some particular hardware. For example, Tiny-OS is closely coupled
with Berkeley Motes, and targeted at radio sensor network applications. With more emerging underwater
systems, more operating systems are demanded. However, the development of a new operating system
is usually very costly and time-consuming. While it is possible to adapt existing systems, generally
without significant design changes they can not provide good system performance. In addition, studying
and revising existing operating systems is equivalent tedious and costly if not more. Further, unlike the
operating systems for PCs and workstations, an operating system for an underwater system should take
both the application requirements and physical constraints into account. In reality, however, there often
exits a big gap between the domain experts and the system engineers, which often causes the long cycle
of system development. To facilitate the OS development for underwater systems, in this dissertation, we
are working on an OS specifically designed for underwater sensor networks, called Aqua-OS, to bridge
these gaps.

==Design==

Still work in progress.

==People==
*[http://www-cs.ccny.cuny.edu/~zheng Zheng Peng], Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, Grove School of Engineering, City College, City University of New York
*[http://ccst.jlu.edu.cn/?mod=teacher&act=view&id=225 Jun-Hong Cui], Professor, Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University
*[http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~zshi/ Zhijie Shi], Professor, Computer Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut
*Haining Mo, Oracle

==Discussions & Talks==

===May 5, 2010===

James gave a presentation on uC/OSII. [[:File:20100505 uC-OSII James.pdf | (slides)]]

For the next week, Zuofei will give a presentation on OMAP booting sequence. And Son Le will talk about the problem porting TinyOS to Gumstix.

===Apr 28, 2010===

Dr. Shi pointed out possible short term directions on the OS design. He suggested we can start from existing OS, such as TinyOS and Embedded Linux. The current focuses are:

*Low power
**Power management
**scheduling
**Interrupt handling

*Reliability
**MMU
***Protection
***Fault tolerance

He emphasized the reliability issue and said we could utilize some techniques from the research area of computer security. Generally speaking, reliability is easier than security because it is not dealing with deliberately designed attacks, but random errors.

He gave an example of doing sanity checks on system calls and left the following questions for us to think about:

#. What damages can be done via system calls?
#. Does sanity check help?
#. How to do the sanity check?
#. What're the overheads?

===Apr 7, 2010===

James gave a presentation on eCos operating system. [[:File:20100407 eCos James.pdf‎ | (slides)]]

After the presentation, we also list other OS to study, including Contiki (Jun'll present), FreeRTOS, uC/OS (James'll present) and VxWorks. Dr. Shi also asked us to study the booting process of Linux. Zuofei will study this based on OMAP platform and see how ARM core and DSP core are booted. Another important issue is benchmarks. We identified mibench and hbench-os to begin with. Haining will do a presentation on this issue.

Due to mid-term exams, next week's meeting is canceled.

===Mar 31, 2010===

James gave a presentation on MINIX. [[:File:20100331 MINIX James.pdf | (slides)]]

===Mar 2, 2010===

Had a meeting with Dr. Cui. Son, Haining, Jun and Zuofei did short presentations based on their previous slides. James also summarized the current progress.

===Feb 17, 2010===

*James discussed the environmental factors that will affect the operating system design, as well as typical user preferences. [[:File:AquaOS James 20100216.pdf |‎ (slides)]]
*Haining talked about some issues in operating system design and possible approaches.[[:File:Aqua OS Haining 2.17.pdf | (slides)]]
*Son's talk covered memory management, system call and TinyOS threads. [[:File:OS Components.pdf | (slides)]]
*Jun and Zuofei presented dynamic power management and current hardware platform (OMAP) [[:File:Survey.pdf | (slides)]]

2017-09-29T19:43:05Z

Zhengpeng: /* People */

==Overview==

Aqua-OS is an operating system specifically designed for underwater embedded systems. This is an on-going project of [http://uwsn.engr.uconn.edu/ UWSN Lab]. The design goal of Aqua-OS is to provide a robust, efficient and extendable operating system for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs).

===Motivation===

Recently underwater systems have become more complicated and diverse. With the increasing
complexity, the interaction between the system control logic and physical devices becomes more complicated.
In such a complex and usually resource constrained system, it is imperative to introduce an
operating system to efficiently manage hardware and provide friendly user interface for applications. This
is how TinyOS, embedded Linux and many other operating systems come into play.

Though most of these operating systems claim configurability, they are often designed for a certain
type of applications and based on some particular hardware. For example, Tiny-OS is closely coupled
with Berkeley Motes, and targeted at radio sensor network applications. With more emerging underwater
systems, more operating systems are demanded. However, the development of a new operating system
is usually very costly and time-consuming. While it is possible to adapt existing systems, generally
without significant design changes they can not provide good system performance. In addition, studying
and revising existing operating systems is equivalent tedious and costly if not more. Further, unlike the
operating systems for PCs and workstations, an operating system for an underwater system should take
both the application requirements and physical constraints into account. In reality, however, there often
exits a big gap between the domain experts and the system engineers, which often causes the long cycle
of system development. To facilitate the OS development for underwater systems, in this dissertation, we
are working on an OS specifically designed for underwater sensor networks, called Aqua-OS, to bridge
these gaps.

==Design==

Still work in progress.

==People==
*[http://www-cs.ccny.cuny.edu/~zheng Zheng Peng], Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, Grove School of Engineering, City College, City University of New York
*[http://ccst.jlu.edu.cn/?mod=teacher&act=view&id=225 Jun-Hong Cui], Professor, Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University
*[http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~zshi/ Zhijie Shi], Professor, Computer Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut
*Haining Mo, Oracle

==Discussions & Talks==

===May 5, 2010===

James gave a presentation on uC/OSII. [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:20100505_uC-OSII_James.pdf [slides]]

For the next week, Zuofei will give a presentation on OMAP booting sequence. And Son Le will talk about the problem porting TinyOS to Gumstix.

===Apr 28, 2010===

Dr. Shi pointed out possible short term directions on the OS design. He suggested we can start from existing OS, such as TinyOS and Embedded Linux. The current focuses are:

*Low power
**Power management
**scheduling
**Interrupt handling

*Reliability
**MMU
***Protection
***Fault tolerance

He emphasized the reliability issue and said we could utilize some techniques from the research area of computer security. Generally speaking, reliability is easier than security because it is not dealing with deliberately designed attacks, but random errors.

He gave an example of doing sanity checks on system calls and left the following questions for us to think about:

#. What damages can be done via system calls?
#. Does sanity check help?
#. How to do the sanity check?
#. What're the overheads?

===Apr 7, 2010===

James gave a presentation on eCos operating system. [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:20100407_eCos_James.pdf‎ [slides]]

After the presentation, we also list other OS to study, including Contiki (Jun'll present), FreeRTOS, uC/OS (James'll present) and VxWorks. Dr. Shi also asked us to study the booting process of Linux. Zuofei will study this based on OMAP platform and see how ARM core and DSP core are booted. Another important issue is benchmarks. We identified mibench and hbench-os to begin with. Haining will do a presentation on this issue.

Due to mid-term exams, next week's meeting is canceled.

===Mar 31, 2010===

James gave a presentation on MINIX. [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:20100331_MINIX_James.pdf‎‎ [slides]]

===Mar 2, 2010===

Had a meeting with Dr. Cui. Son, Haining, Jun and Zuofei did short presentations based on their previous slides. James also summarized the current progress.

===Feb 17, 2010===

*James discussed the environmental factors that will affect the operating system design, as well as typical user preferences. [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:AquaOS_James_20100216.pdf‎ [slides]]
*Haining talked about some issues in operating system design and possible approaches.[http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:Aqua_OS_Haining_2.17.pdf‎ [slides]]
*Son's talk covered memory management, system call and TinyOS threads. [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:OS_Components.pdf‎ [slides]]
*Jun and Zuofei presented dynamic power management and current hardware platform (OMAP) [http://obinet.engr.uconn.edu/wiki/index.php/File:Survey.pdf‎ [slides]]

File:Survey.pdf

2017-09-29T19:42:42Z

Zhengpeng:

File:OS Components.pdf

2017-09-29T19:42:28Z

Zhengpeng:

File:AquaOS James 20100216.pdf

2017-09-29T19:42:14Z

Zhengpeng: